CEM India - Abstract

Abstract Information :

Waste to Energy: -
Incineration is a rapidly growing waste disposal method as well as an increasingly important source of energy. Emissions from waste incineration plants can potentially contain many harmful pollutants but with the use of modern monitoring equipment, regulatory compliance can be ensured and emissions minimized

Incineration plays an increasing role in the treatment of municipal waste as well as for the supply of energy. Worldwide, some 2,200 incinerators dispose of about 255 million tons of waste annually
Growth is particularly strong in India where, due to the ban on landfilling untreated waste, large numbers of waste incinerators have been built in recent years, with many more under construction.

Incinerators reduce the waste volume by about 95 percent, dramatically cutting the space needed for disposal. The recoverable energy is just under 3 MWh per tons of municipal waste.

Waste incineration produces more pollutants than a natural gas-fired plant, but less than a coal-fired plant. The flue gases can contain high levels of particles, heavy metals, dioxins, furans, Sulphur dioxide and hydrochloric acid. Incineration also produces CO2, about one ton per ton of waste, but because much of the waste is biological, incineration is often classed as renewable energy.

In the European Union, the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU, imposes strict obligations on the member states to ensure that continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) are used to monitor flue gas. These systems must meet EN14181 for quality assurance of automated measuring systems in stacks. The Directive applies to a range of different types of incinerators, in addition to the municipal waste facilities already mentioned. These include incinerators processing hazardous chemical or clinical waste, which may be owned and operated by specific waste producers or may serve multiple clients on a contract basis. It also includes co-incineration plants such as cement works, which burn waste as a fuel, as well as advanced technologies such as gasification and pyrolysis.

All the incineration plants that fall under the Directive are required to keep track of a variety of contaminants in their emissions, including carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor, total organic carbon, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dust and oxides of both Sulphur and nitrogen. These are in addition to a wide range of specific chemical species that might be considered a possible risk in a particular installation. The monitoring must be continuous, providing average readings every half hour and each day.

Thanks to SICK’s innovative in-situ measurement technology, the measuring devices can be mounted at the measurement location directly in the duct through which the gas flows. This device solution features minimal maintenance requirements and very short response times.
Advantages
• Continuous and direct measurement, no sampling
• True measurement results, detection of transient concentration fluctuations
• Cross-duct version for representative measurement results or measuring probe version for simple installation.